The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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PUNJAB WIKIਪੰਜਾਬپنجابPeople
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Englishਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابی

Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiPeopleScientists and builders
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
Unknown · Wikimedia
Modern figure

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar

ਸ਼ਾਂਤੀ ਸਵਰੂਪ ਭਟਨਾਗਰشانتی سۉروپ بھٹناگر

Chemist from Bhera who taught in Lahore and became the first director of India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Bhatnagar was born in 1894 at Bhera and studied and later taught at Lahore, where he worked on industrial chemistry, including the use of colloids in oil drilling.

He founded and led India's Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and its chain of national laboratories after independence; India's most prestigious science prize is named after him.

Places linked to Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
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