The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiPeopleReformers and politicians
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Unknown · Wikimedia
Leader

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

ਮੁਹੰਮਦ ਅਲੀ ਜਿੱਨਾਹمحمد علی جناح

Leader of the Muslim League and founder of Pakistan, whose Lahore Resolution of 1940 asked for separate Muslim states.

A Karachi-born barrister who began as a Congress man and an advocate of Hindu–Muslim unity, Jinnah came to lead the All-India Muslim League. At its session at Lahore in March 1940, at Minto Park, now the site of the Minar-e-Pakistan, the League resolved that the Muslim-majority areas of the north-west and east should form independent states.

He claimed the whole of the Punjab and Bengal for Pakistan, and in 1947 had to accept both provinces divided: a 'moth-eaten' Pakistan, as he called it. He became Pakistan's first Governor-General and died in September 1948.

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