The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiPeopleReformers and politicians
Mangu Ram Mugowalia
Unknown · Wikimedia
Leader

Mangu Ram Mugowalia

ਮੰਗੂ ਰਾਮ ਮੁਗੋਵਾਲੀਆمنگو رام موگووالیا

Ghadar revolutionary who came home to found the Ad-Dharm movement of Punjab's Dalits in 1926.

Mangu Ram was born into a Chamar family at Mugowal in Hoshiarpur district. He went to California as a farm labourer, joined the Ghadar Party and in 1915 sailed on a ship carrying guns for the revolt; he was captured, sentenced to death, escaped, and spent years in South East Asia.

Back in the Punjab, in 1926 he founded the Ad-Dharm, 'the original faith', which said that the untouchable castes were the first people of the land and owed nothing to Hindu caste. In the 1931 census more than 400,000 people in the Punjab registered as Ad-Dharmis. He was elected to the Punjab assembly in 1937. The movement lives on among the Ravidassia community of Doaba.

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