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The Sikh courts and the Gurus

54

Detail of Bhai Mardana, from a painting of Guru Nanak with Bhai Mardana, JaipurRoyal Ontario Museum, Toronto · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Imaginary Meeting of Guru Nanak, Mardana Sahab, and Other Sikh Gurus'LACMA, Los Angeles · photo Commissioned painting by Lala Nanak Ram upon meeting Priyata (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Painting of five Sikh gurus (most likely identifiable as Guru Nanak, Guru HargobindSalar Jung Museum, Hyderabad · photo Jawaher Ali Khan (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak with the Other Nine Gurus, Bhai Puran SinghGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak listening to some music attended by his holy man.Wellcome Collection (via Europeana) · CC BY ↗Guru Nanak with Mardana on the left and Bala on rightWikimedia Commons ↗A painting on ivory, a miniature portrait of Guru Nanak Singh, the first Sikh GuruWikimedia Commons ↗A painting of Guru Nanak from Baghdad, Iraq attributed to a painter by the name of…Wikimedia Commons · Kamal-ud-din Behzad (1450-1535) of Tabriz (claimed) ↗Bhai Bala Recites the Life Story of Guru Nanak to Guru Angad and OnlookersAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak at Panja SahibGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak at SchoolAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak at the Modikhana of Sultanpur LodhiAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak in Kamarupa (Kamrup region), the land ruled by womenAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak stops the boulder from falling with his hand at Hasan AbdalGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak with followers and other holy menWikimedia Commons ↗Wedding of Guru Nanak and SulakhniAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak with Mardana and Bala in MeccaWikimedia Commons ↗A King Pays Homage to Guru NanakGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Depiction of Guru Nanak meeting either his brother-in-law, Jai Ram, or the governorAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Detail of Guru Nanak from the earliest known painting of all ten Sikh gurus togetherLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Commissioned painting by Lala Nanak Ram upon meeting Priyata (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak, holding prayer mala beads and with a staff resting under his armpitAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak Comes upon the Sannyasi, DattatreyaGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak Subdues KaliyugaGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak meets Nath Sidhas at the village of Achal BatalaAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak meets with Bal Nath Yogi’s DisciplesAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak with FollowersGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak with possibly Mool Chand Chona (white-bearded man wearing pink)Asian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Kashmiri style painting of Guru Nanak with disciples and attendantGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Guru Nanak with Disciples and Attendant. Kashmiri style. Pun (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Painting, paint on ivory, a miniature portrait of Guru Nanak.V&A, London · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Vidaai (also spelt Bidaai) or Doli of Guru Nanak and Sulakhni's weddingAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Nanakpanthi’, a Sikh who follows Guru NanakBritish Library, London · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak is the saint for all followers of the Sikh faithGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo shankar s. from Poona (pune), India, India (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY ↗Page 49: Guru Nanak listening to some music attended by his holy manWellcome Collection ↗Painting of an astrologer and holy men, possibly depicting Guru Amar DasMusée Guimet, Paris · photo Attributed to 'Ali Quli Jabbadar (fl. late 17th-early 18th C (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Bhai Lehna (later Guru Angad) and his companions visit Baba NanakWikimedia Commons ↗ਗੁਰੂ ਰਾਮਦਾਸGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo Family workshop (or atelier) of Nainsukh of Guler (Wikimedia Commons) ↗

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Arms and armour

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Illuminated Guru Granth Sahib folio of a Nishan (flag)Wikimedia Commons ↗Sword of Dara Shokuh1640-1641 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Shieldca. 1700 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗

Manuscripts and the written word

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Death of Guru Nanak from an Illustrated Janamsakhi ManuscriptWikimedia Commons ↗Guru Nanak and the cobra, from the Unbound set of Janamsakhi manuscriptsAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak visits his sister Nanaki, from a manuscript ‘Janam Sakhi’ cAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak's visit to Bhai Lalo the carpenter, from a manuscript of the Janam SakhiAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak and the holy man Sant Ren, from a manuscript of the Unbound collection of…Asian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Janamsakhi miniature painting depicting a scene from Guru Nanak's childhoodWikimedia Commons ↗Baba Buddha, as a young boy, seeks the blessings of Guru NanakGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo family workship of Nainsukh of Guler (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Baraat of Guru Nanak's wedding to marry SulakhniAsian Art Museum, San Francisco · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗This depiction of Guru Nanak is found at the beginning of the manuscriptBritish Library, London · photo Ms Sarah Welch (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Guru Nanak Subdues KaliyugaGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo family workshop of Nainsukh of Guler (Wikimedia Commons) ↗A selection of text from the Adi GranthWellcome Collection · CC BY ↗Boek met titel 'Shri Guru Granth Sahib'Creator: SikhsWikimedia Commons · Sikhs (volk) ↗Guru Gobind Singh and Attendants from an Asa Di Var Gutka Manuscript, caBritish Library, London · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗

Pahari painting from the hills

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Kaliya - MardanaNational Museum, New Delhi · photo Aadrit28 (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Detail of Guru Nanak from a miniature painting of Guru Nanak and Bhai MardanaBritish Library, London · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Fountain slab, Dieur, Chamba, circa 16th century CE, Bhuri Singh Museum, ChambaBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Fountain slab, Luddu, Chamba, circa 16th century CE, Bhuri Singh Museum, ChambaBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Fountain slab, Luddu, Chamba, circa 16th century CE, Bhuri Singh MuseumBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Fountain slab, circa 16th century CE, village Bhalie, Churah, Chamba, Bhuri Singh MuseumBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Ram Darbar, circa 16th century CE, Chamba School of Pahari Kalam, Museum of Kangra ArtMuseum of Kangra Art, Dharamshala · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Akbari Dam, Narnol Mint, circulation years, 1563-1570 CE, the ASI Kangra Fort MuseumMuseum of Kangra Art, Dharamshala · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Portrait of Guru Arjan Dev, the Fifth GuruGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo family workshop of Purkhu of Kangra (Wikimedia Commons) ↗India, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi - Raja Hari Sen of Mandi (r. 1604-1623-37) - 2018.96Wikimedia Commons ↗Indian king Maharaja Suraj Mal (r.1613-1618) of Nurpur with a hawkWikimedia Commons ↗Guru Hargobind with Perso-Arabic script inscribed aboveGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo family workshop active at Kangra (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Marriage Procession in a Bazaar, Mandi, 1645 The Imminent Arrival of the Groom: Folio…The Met, New York · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Painting from Guler in Himachal Pradesh (India), 17th centuryWikimedia Commons · Bjoertvedt · CC BY-SA ↗Raja Bhim Chand and Alam Chand, 17th century CE, Kangra School of ArtMuseum of Kangra Art, Dharamshala · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Sculpture of Gauri Shankar, 17th century CE, ASI Museum, Kangra Fort, KangraWikimedia Commons · SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA ↗India, Pahari Hills, Basohli school, 17th century - Shiva and Devi on Gajasura's HideWikimedia Commons ↗Fountain slab, Sei, Churah circa 17th century CE, Bhuri Singh Museum, ChambaBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Fountain slab circa 17th century CE from Sei, Churah, ChambaBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Portrait of a Noble, 17th century CE, Chamba School of Pahari Kalam Himachal State…Wikimedia Commons · SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA ↗Sculpture of Parshurama, circa 17th century CE, provenance unknown, Bhuri Singh MuseumBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Sculpture of Kuruma Avatar of Lord Vishnu, circa 17th century CE, provenance unknownBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Sculpture of Rama, circa 17th century CE provenance unknown, Bhuri Singh Museum, ChambaBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Sculpture of Uma Maheshwar, circa 17th century CE, village Kariyan, ChambaBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗India, Pahari, Basholi, 17th century - The Approach of KrishnaWikimedia Commons · Attributed to Kripal of Nurpur ↗Raja Hari Sen of Mandiਲਗਭਗ 1650 · Northern India, Pahari kingdomsCleveland Museum of Art ↗MAHISHASURMARDINI Sarahan (Shimla) 16-17th Century CE AccWikimedia Commons · SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA ↗17th century sculpture of Narasimha from the region of Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India.Museum of Kangra Art, Dharamshala · photo Brahmavadini (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Paintings of Raja Bhim Chand and Alam Chand from the 17th century, Himachal Pradesh.Museum of Kangra Art, Dharamshala · photo Brahmavadini (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Sculpture of Matsya Avatar of Vishnu, circa 17th century CE, provenance unknownBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Sculpture of Vraha, circa 17th century CE, provenance unknown, Bhuri Singh MuseumBhuri Singh Museum, Chamba · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Painting, Basohlica. 1660 - ca. 1670 · Basohli© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Radhaca. 1660 - ca. 1670 · Basohli© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Rama and Lakshmanca. 1660- ca. 1670 · Basohli© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Radhaca. 1660 - ca. 1670 · Basohli© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Radhaca. 1660 - ca. 1670 · Basohli© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗

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Lahore, Multan and the Punjab

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Punjabi Miniature showing Guru Nanak with followersWikimedia Commons · SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA ↗Sikhs paying homage to Guru NanakWellcome Collection (via Europeana) · CC BY ↗Babur fights Hazara tribesmen in February 1507 on the road from Herat to KabulV&A, London · photo c.1590 artist (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Hazara horseman fighting Babur's troops on the Herat-Kabul road in February 1507.V&A, London · photo 1589-90 artist (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Battle of Panipat (20 April 1526)National Museum, New Delhi · photo Painters of Babur (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Model of Battle of Panipat (1526) displayed at Indian War Memorial museum, NaubatkhanaWikimedia Commons · Vssun · CC BY-SA ↗Humayun's army had a significant role in the battle of Panipat in CE 1526National Museum, New Delhi · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Guru Angad, Lahore Museum, accLahore Museum · photo possibly the family workshop (or atelier) of Nainsukh of Gul (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Brass, India, 16th centuryWikimedia Commons · Annonymouse9 · CC BY ↗Angel on a Composite Animal, Mughal Painting circa 16th century, Chandigarh MuseumGovernment Museum, Chandigarh · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗The text on the back of the picture describes the Battle of Machhiwara in May 1555Wikimedia Commons · unbekannter Maler im Atelier Akbars in Lahore ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal empire, 1555-1556 Furnishings Opaque watercolor, goldLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Mir Sayyid Ali (Wikimedia Commons) ↗BAIRAM KHAN PETITIONS THE YOUNG AKBAR FOLLOWING THE SIEGE OF MANKOT IN 1557V&A, London · photo unbekannter Maler im Atelier Akbars in Lahore (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Drawing, Lahore1556-1605 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal empire, circa 1585-1590 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolorLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal empire, circa 1585-1590 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolorLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Babur's army defeating Hazara tribesmen, c.1589, Baburnama, housed at the V&A MuseumV&A, London · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal empire, circa 1590 Drawings; watercolors Ink, opaque watercolorLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Attributed to Basawan (India, Akbar reign, Mughal Empire, ac (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal, circa 1590 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolor, goldLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal, circa 1590 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolor, goldLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Akbarnamaca. 1590-95 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Wazir Khan and Bahadur Khanca. 1590-95 · Mughal Empire© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal, circa 1594 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolor, goldLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal, circa 1594 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolor, goldLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal empire, colophon dated 1596 Drawings; watercolors Opaque…LACMA, Los Angeles · photo Basawan (India, active circa 1556-1600) (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Pakistan, Lahore, Mughal, 1596 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolorLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Timur distributes gifts from his grandson, the Prince of Multan, from a Zafar-nama1598–1600 · Mughal India, court of Akbar (reigned 1556–1605)Cleveland Museum of Art ↗Berlín Lahore ca. 1610- 01Wikimedia Commons · Miguel Hermoso Cuesta · CC BY-SA ↗Berlín Lahore ca. 1610- 02Wikimedia Commons · Miguel Hermoso Cuesta · CC BY-SA ↗Berlín Lahore ca. 1610- 03Wikimedia Commons · Miguel Hermoso Cuesta · CC BY-SA ↗Bracketca. 1617-1618 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Portrait of Raja Jagat Singh of Nurpur (reigned 1618–46)probably 1619 · Mughal India, Court of Jahangir (reigned 1605 - 27), possibly LaCleveland Museum of Art ↗Contemporary portrait of Dara Shikoh in 1628British Museum, London · photo 1628 artist (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Painting of Dara Shikoh (left) and Mian Mir (right) seated together, ca.1630British Library, London · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Ia) Shah Jahan watches the assault on Daulatabad Fort in 1633; b) Capture of Daulatabad…LACMA, Los Angeles · photo Babur (Wikimedia Commons) ↗A) Shah Jahan watches the assault on Daulatabad Fort in 1633; b) Capture of Daulatabad…LACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗

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Shawls, textiles and embroidery

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Moghul carpet, Lahore, ca. 1610; Pergamon Museum, Berlin (1) (25355724467)Wikimedia Commons · Richard Mortel · CC BY ↗Moghul carpet, Lahore, ca. 1610; Pergamon Museum, Berlin (2) (25355707967)Wikimedia Commons · Richard Mortel · CC BY ↗Moghul carpet, Lahore, ca. 1610; Pergamon Museum, Berlin (3) (25355692017)Wikimedia Commons · Richard Mortel · CC BY ↗Moghul carpet, Lahore, ca. 1610; Pergamon Museum, Berlin (4) (39515828134)Wikimedia Commons · Richard Mortel · CC BY ↗The Fremlin Carpetca. 1640 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Fragment, Lahore1630-1650 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Carpetca. 1650 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Long Panel from a Carpet, Lahore 17th century, albert Hall Museum, JaipurWikimedia Commons · Neek-Theri · CC BY-SA ↗CarpetLate 17th century, Mughal Empire (1526-1799) · ਲਾਹੌਰArt Institute of Chicago ↗Carpet1675/1700 · ਭਾਰਤArt Institute of Chicago ↗

Pottery, metalwork, woodwork and jewellery

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Tilework, Pakistan, Multan, 16th century AD, glazed earthenware - Linden-MuseumWikimedia Commons · Daderot ↗Bronze Ablution vessel, 1580-1600 CE, LahoreV&A, London · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1630 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1640 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Lahore1641-1645 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Lahoreca. 1640-1650 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Lahore2nd quarter of 17th century · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Lahoremid 17th century · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Lahoreca. 1650 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)second quarter of the 17th century · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)mid 17th century · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)second quarter of the 17th century · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Lahoresecond quarter of the 17th century · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca. 1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)2nd quarter of 17th century · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Tile, Punjab (India)ca.1650 · Punjab (India)© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗

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Music and the qissa legends

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Guru Nanak attended by his musician and holy man.Wellcome Collection (via Europeana) · CC BY ↗Page 101: Guru Nanak attended by his musician and holy manWellcome Collection ↗

Maps of the Punjab

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Celestial globe1626-7 · ਲਾਹੌਰ© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗

Coins

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Silver shahrukhi coin of Babur, struck at Lahore AH 935 ,1528-1529 CE, Ashmolean MuseumAshmolean Museum, Oxford · photo SpeakingArch (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Silver coin issued by Guru Gobind Singh, Indian MuseumIndian Museum, Kolkata · photo Royroydeb (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗

Pictures from the collections of Art Institute of Chicago, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, Berlin-Dahlem Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum (via Europeana), Bhuri Singh Museum, Chamba, 65 more, found automatically: public domain or openly licensed, except the V&A's, shown for non-commercial use with the museum's credit. Titles and dates are the museums' own; each card names its museum and any licence. Updated 2026-10-26.