Battle of Chach
Mahmud's second great victory over the Hindu Shahis, on the plain of Chach near Attock, which left the Punjab open to him.
Anandapala, son of Jayapala, gathered allies from other Hindu kingdoms to meet Mahmud on the Chach plain beside the Indus. The chroniclers say the battle turned when Anandapala's elephant panicked and fled, and his army broke after it.
After Chach the Hindu Shahis held on in the hills for a few more years, but Mahmud's raids reached deep into India, and Lahore became a Ghaznavid city in 1021.
Same era
Invaders at the gates, 1400 BCE – 1221
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