Dress: pagg, salwar-kameez, tehmat and chadra
The turban, the Punjabi suit, the tehmat and the chadra, the parandi in the hair and the jutti on the feet.
Punjabi men wore the kurta with a tehmat or chadra, a cloth wrapped round the waist, and a turban, the pagg or pagri, tied in a style that showed region, faith and status; the Patiala shahi pagg is the best known. Women wore the salwar-kameez with a dupatta or a phulkari, a parandi of black silk tassels in their plaited hair, and a ghagra in older times.
The Punjabi suit spread across South Asia and the world, the Patiala salwar with its deep folds among its most famous forms.
A bride, head to toe
An ornament on the parting of the hair, hanging onto the forehead.
A large nose ring, often joined by a chain to the hair; once the sign of a married woman.
Bell-shaped earrings; heavier ones, the dandiyan and kante, in older times.
Black or coloured silk tassels plaited into the hair, swinging to the dance in giddha.
The hasli, a solid gold collar, and long necklaces: the rani haar and the kaintha.
Red and ivory bangles given by the bride's mama, worn for weeks or a year after the wedding, with golden kalire hanging from them.
Henna patterns on the hands and feet. The darker it stains, it is said, the more the bride will be loved.
The bride's wrap, embroidered in silk floss by the women of her family over years.
Anklets with little bells, sung about in endless boliyan: their chime gives a woman away when she slips out to meet someone.
Embroidered leather shoes with curled toes, made in Patiala, Malerkotla, Multan and Kasur.
More dress, sayings and games
The sayings that season every Punjabi conversation, and the riddles told round the fire on winter nights.
The games of the Punjabi village: girls spinning in kikli, boys at gulli-danda and pithu, and kites on every roof at Basant.
From roka to doli: the rituals of a Punjabi wedding, and the songs that go with each one.
The platform under the big tree in the village square, where the men sat, talked, played cards and settled quarrels.
The pointed leather shoe of the Punjab, embroidered in gold and silver thread for weddings.
The woven string bed carried into the courtyard by day and onto the roof at night, and the low stool beside it.
Rohi's Dress and Decore Bahawalpur Museum Photo By Saeed AkharWikimedia Commons · Saeed Akhtar Sial · CC BY-SA ↗
Rohi's Women Dress Bahawalpur Museum Photo By Saeed AkhtarWikimedia Commons · Saeed Akhtar Sial · CC BY-SA ↗