The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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PUNJAB WIKIਪੰਜਾਬپنجابThe Land
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Englishਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابی

Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiPlacesCities & forts
Jammu
Unknown · Wikimedia
City or fort

Jammu

ਜੰਮੂجموں

Seat of the Dogra brothers Gulab Singh, Dhian Singh and Suchet Singh, who rose at Ranjit Singh's court.

Jammu, on the Tawi at the edge of the hills, was the seat of a Dogra Rajput dynasty. The three Dogra brothers, Gulab Singh, Dhian Singh and Suchet Singh, rose at Ranjit Singh's court, and Gulab Singh was made Raja of Jammu in 1822.

From Jammu, Gulab Singh's armies conquered Ladakh and Baltistan. In 1846, by the Treaty of Amritsar, the British sold him Kashmir, and Jammu became the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

The Raghunath temple and the Mubarak Mandi palace date from the Dogra rulers.

Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir

People

Raja Gulab Singh
Raja Gulab Singh1792 – 1857

Dogra raja of Jammu under Lahore, whose general Zorawar Singh conquered Ladakh and Baltistan. In 1846 he stayed out of the war and bought Kashmir from the British for 7.5 million rupees.

General Zorawar Singh
General Zorawar Singh1786 – 1841

Dogra general who led armies across the high Himalaya: Ladakh from 1834, Baltistan in 1840 and western Tibet in 1841, where he was killed at To-yo in the snows.

Raja Dhian Singh Dogra
Raja Dhian Singh Dogra1796 – 1843

Chief minister of the Sikh Empire for 25 years and the most powerful man at court after Ranjit Singh. Assassinated in 1843.

Alexander Gardner
Alexander Gardner1785 – 1877

American-Scottish adventurer and colonel of artillery at Lahore, remembered for his tartan turban.

Mian Muhammad Bakhsh
Mian Muhammad Bakhsh1830 – 1907

Sufi poet of Khari Sharif near Mirpur, whose Saif ul Malook is recited by heart from Kashmir to Lahore.

Artifacts

Basohli painting
Basohli paintingc. 1660 – 1730

Bold, hot-coloured paintings from the small hill state of Basohli, with flat red and yellow grounds, wide-eyed figures and the shining green of beetle wings set into the jewellery.

In the world's museums

77 objects →
Jammu, PahariJammu, PahariIndian Museum, Kolkata · photo Sneharshidasgupta (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Jammu, PahariJammu, PahariIndian Museum, Kolkata · photo Sneharshidasgupta (Wikimedia Commons) · CC BY-SA ↗Guler Jammu painting showing Court of Ravana, Ramayana, Dogra Art Museum, JammuGuler Jammu painting showing Court of Ravana, Ramayana, Dogra Art Museum, JammuWikimedia Commons · SpeakingArch · CC BY-SA ↗Folio, Basohli, JammuFolio, Basohli, JammuThe Met, New York · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗India, Jammu and Kashmir, Mankot, circa 1725 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolor…India, Jammu and Kashmir, Mankot, circa 1725 Drawings; watercolors Opaque watercolor…LACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗India, Himachal Pradesh, Basohli or Jammu and Kashmir, MankotIndia, Himachal Pradesh, Basohli or Jammu and Kashmir, MankotLACMA, Los Angeles · photo Wikimedia Commons (Wikimedia Commons) ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1765 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1790 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1750 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1745 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Drawing, JammuDrawing, Jammuca. 1760 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1830 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1750 - ca. 1755 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1850 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammu19th century · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammuca. 1790 · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Drawing, JammuDrawing, Jammu19th century · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗Painting, JammuPainting, Jammu19th century · Jammu© Victoria and Albert Museum, London ↗

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