The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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PUNJAB WIKIਪੰਜਾਬپنجابStruggles
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Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiStruggles & Partitions
1907

Pagri Sambhal Jatta

Unknown · Wikimedia

When the British cut the rights of the canal-colony settlers and raised water rates, the farmers of Lyallpur and the bar rose to the song 'Guard your turban, farmer'. Ajit Singh and Lala Lajpat Rai were deported, and the laws were withdrawn.

The song of 1907 →

Land and the moneylender

Behind the anger of 1907 lay years of debt. As British law made land easy to mortgage and sell, moneylenders took over the fields of indebted farmers. The Punjab Land Alienation Act of 1900 stopped land passing from the castes listed as agricultural to those that were not. It protected many farmers, divided the Punjab into 'agriculturist' and 'non-agriculturist' castes, and shaped its politics for fifty years.

The canal colonies

Where the farmers of 1907 had settled
← 18721913 – 1915 →
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