The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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PUNJAB WIKIਪੰਜਾਬپنجابStruggles
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Englishਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابی

Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiStruggles & Partitions
1930s – 1953

The muzaras of PEPSU

Unknown · Wikimedia

In the princely states of the Malwa, villages were held by biswedars who took a share of every harvest from the tenants, the muzaras. In 1928 the Praja Mandal rose against the Maharaja of Patiala's rule; its leader Sewa Singh Thikriwala died on hunger strike in Patiala jail in 1935.

After 1947 the tenants of the new Patiala and East Punjab States Union simply stopped paying. Led by the Kisan Sabha and Teja Singh Sutantar's Lal Communist Party, they fought the landlords and the police, at Kishangarh in 1949 and elsewhere, until laws of the early 1950s abolished the biswedars' rights and made the tenants owners of their land.

Sewa Singh Thikriwala →

← 19471966 →
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