The land of five waters gave the world its first cities, its saints and its songs. Broken by every empire that crossed it, it is still ours to remember, and to make whole again.

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PUNJAB WIKIਪੰਜਾਬپنجابThe Land
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Englishਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابی

Land & Ages

The LandRivers, doabs, Harappa and the first cities, seasons, numbersAgesEight ages of the Punjab, from the Soan to todayTimelineEvery dated event on one lineAtlasEvery place on one map, age by agePlacesCities, ancient sites, temples, mosques and gurdwaras, battlefieldsLanguage & scriptsPunjabi, its dialects, Gurmukhi and Shahmukhi

People & Faiths

PeopleSaints and teachers, poets and singers, rulers, rebels, the people of both PunjabsPeople of the landJats, Rajputs, Arains, Khatris, Dalit communities and more, across every faithFaithsHindu traditions, Islam and the Sufis, Sikhi, and the Punjab's other faiths

Kingdoms & Struggles

Kingdoms & WarsWho ruled the Punjab, the Kingdom of Lahore, and the battles fought over itWho ruled the PunjabEvery ruling power, 518 BCE to todayWars & BattlesFrom the Hydaspes to BasantarStruggles & Partitions1849, 1919, 1947, 1966, 1984, 2020

Culture & Museum

CulturePoets, qisse, songs, music, dance, festivals, foodMuseumSculpture, coins, manuscripts, painting, arms, buildings, and where to see themChronicles & ProphecyThe poetry of the old chroniclesAboutWhat this atlas is, its sources, and every word explainedHelp maintain this siteCorrections, pictures, sources and new entries
Punjab WikiPlacesBattlefields
Ferozeshah
Unknown · Wikimedia
Battlefield

Ferozeshah

ਫ਼ਿਰੋਜ਼ਸ਼ਾਹ

Two-day battle of December 1845, among the hardest fought by the British in India.

Ferozeshah, or Pheru Shahr, is a village near Ferozepur. On 21 and 22 December 1845 one of the hardest-fought battles of the British in India took place here, with the Sikh army behind its entrenchments.

The British nearly lost; the Sikh commander Tej Singh withdrew when he could have won. An Anglo-Sikh War Memorial was built here by the Punjab government in 1976, with a museum.

Every December a commemoration recalls the Sikh soldiers who died.

Ferozeshah, Firozpur, Punjab, India

People

Raja Lal Singh
Raja Lal Singhdied 1867

Chief minister and army commander in the First Anglo-Sikh War, widely accused of betraying the Khalsa army to the British.

Tej Singh
Tej Singh1799 – 1862

Commander-in-chief in 1845–46 who withdrew at Ferozeshah and broke the bridge at Sobraon, and was rewarded by the British afterwards.

Battles

1845FerozeshahBattle of FerozeshahLal Singh, Tej SinghvsGough and Governor-General HardingeBritish victory, at heavy cost

In the world's museums

2 objects
Night bivouac of the British Army at Ferozeshah, 21 December 1845Night bivouac of the British Army at Ferozeshah, 21 December 1845National Army Museum, London · photo J. Harris (etcher), after Henry Martens, as sketched by Majo (Wikimedia Commons) ↗The Sikhs fortified camp at Ferozeshah with the approaching British Army commanded by…The Sikhs fortified camp at Ferozeshah with the approaching British Army commanded by…National Army Museum, London · photo Blackwood and Page (Wikimedia Commons) ↗

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